[ C Ionian ] [ Dorian mode ] [ Phrygian mode ] [ Lydian mode ] [ Mixolydian Mode ] [ Aeolian mode ] [ Locrian mode ] [ Basic major scale fingerings ] [ F major modes ] [ G Modes ] [ Constructing Scales ] [ Key Signatures and constructing major scales ] [ Modulation, cadence, progressions ]

Key Signatures

In the last lesson we covered the major scale and its construction. We also covered the construction of the major, minor, diminished and augmented triads within the major scale. I mentioned key signatures, tonic, subdominant and dominant chords. What I would like to do, is take everything we covered one step further. The first topic will cover the key signature.

Have you ever wondered what the # and flat symbol stood for at the beginning of each staff? Look at the illustration below. Notice that it shows 1 (sharp #). 

The flat and sharp symbols you see at the beginning of the sheet music,  signifies the key the music was based in.

To make this more understandable we need to construct the key of G major.

The illustration to the left shows how to begin to construct the Major key. In this case, we are going to construct the key of G major.

The first thing you do is determine what key you would like to develop. And then start with the first note  of that key you would like to construct. From that first note, write out all the notes that follow up to one octave. Notice we have went from G to G. Don't worry about the whole or half steps yet.  Once you have your notes in place, you now begin to determine the sharps and flats of that key. Remember all keys are constructed with a certain, whole and half step combination. This formula for every major key is:

 Whole, Whole, half, Whole, Whole, Whole, half. 

Knowing this, we need to construct the key of G major. We need to take the first note and this is the G note. So, from the G note we need to go one whole step to the next note. One whole step is two frets on the guitar. If we go up one whole step from the G, we would have the A note. So the A note is correct on the illustration above so we would not add a sharp or flat to that A note.

We need to continue up another Whole step from the A note this time. One whole step from the A note is the B note. The B note is also correct above, so we would not add a sharp or flat.

Now we need to go only 1/2 step from the B note. 1/2 step is one fret on the guitar. So if we go up one fret from the B note, we would have the C note. The C note is also correct, so we would not add a Sharp or Flat to that note.

So far we have completed the steps, whole, whole, half. We now need to do three more whole steps and one half step.

Continuing from the C note, one whole step from the C would be the D note. That is also correct, so leave it as is.

One whole step from the D note would be the E note. It's okay as well.

One whole step from the E note would be the F#. Now we need to do something about that F note. We need to add a Sharp to it. One whole step from the E is the F#.

Now we only have one note left, that is the G note. One half step from the F# is the G.

Now you have constructed the key of G major. Notice that there is one sharp. That sharp is the F#. Also notice at the beginning of the measure we now have a sharp symbol.

That sharp symbol above to the left is the signature for key of G major. The key of G major is the only major key with 1 sharp. That sharp is the F# note. So if you write a song in G major, the sharp symbol is placed on the F line above to the left.

If you found a sheet of music with no symbol and the beginning, it would be in the key of C major. C major has no sharps or flats. It is the only major key with no accidentals. Accidentals are sharps and flats and other things we will be covering soon.

Use this information to construct all of the major keys. Notice the sharps and flats of each key you construct.

Although G major is the only Major key with this signature, there is one minor key that shares the same signature, this would be the Em. This is where the relative minor comes from. It is also called the natural minor. The sixth note of the major key is the Aeolian mode as well. In the key of G, E is the minor mode. 

If you were in the key of C major, Am is the relative minor. The Am shares the same signature as C major. Neither have any sharps or flats. This is also why we have covered the Am pentatonic and C major scales throughout or lessons. 

We will continue to add to this.

You need to at least construct C, G, D and A. Notice as you construct these major keys, the C will have no accidentals, the G has 1, the D has 2 and the A has 3.

Get busy with those major keys.

From the Jam Room